Ekaterina V. Ogoltseva

Associate Professor, Doctor of Science (Philology), Professor of the Russian Language Department

Moscow State Pedagogical University

Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University for the Humanities

(Moscow, Russia)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-149-163

Abstract. The object of analysis is comparative-derived words – adjectives, adverbs and verbs formed from nouns of different lexico-semantic groups and characterized by the semantics of figurative comparison. The linguistic material used is mainly zoonyms and names of substances. The purpose of the article is to prove the validity of considering derivatives of such types as the zmeinyy (snake), po-zmeinomu (snake-like), zmeit'sya (to meander like a snake) as structurally comparative variants of stable comparisons. The author considers various aspects of the structural-semantic correlation of synthetic and analytical units expressing comparison. In the derivative structure, the derivational base expresses the figurative nucleus. The word-forming affix performs the function of the comparative relations indicator. The article shows that the Russian language has a whole system of comparative nests that unite different-level units with a common figurative basis: comparative phraseological units (fixed similes) and derived words of different parts of speech and different models. At the same time, if a minimal context - the defined word - is necessary for the actualization of the comparative semantics of an adjective, the figurative meanings of adverbs and verbs are obvious even without a context. The article also considers the factors contributing to or, on the contrary, hindering the semantic correlation of comparative units of different levels: unity / difference of the basis of comparison; coincidence / inconsistency of the object of figurative characteristics; differences in the degree of idiomaticity, etc. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that 1) the most complex interaction between the prototypical comparative structure and derivative words is observed in case of multivaluedness of the stable comparison and multicomponent of the figurative nest; 2) if the whole totality of comparative structures is analyzed, taking into account all structural-comparative variants.
Keywords: fixed simile, comparative phraseology, structural-comparative variant, comparativederived word, comparative nest, analytical comparative unit, synthetic comparative unit, associative experiment.

Full text of the article (PDF)

For citation: Ogoltseva, EV 2023, ‘Figurative Derived Word as a Structural-Comparative Variant of a Stable Comparison’, Tula Scientific Bulletin. History. Linguistics, issue 3 (15), pp. 149–163, http://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-149-163 (in Russ.)

References

1. Arkhangel'skiy, VL 1964, Ustoychivyye frazy v sovremennom russkom yazyke: Osnovy teorii ustoychivykh fraz i problemy obshchey frazeologii (Set expressions in modern Russian. Fundamentals of the theory of set expressions and problems of general phraseology), Izd-vo Rostovskogo universiteta publ, Rostov-na-Donu. (In Russ.)
2. Balakay, AG 2000, ‘Frazeologicheskaya yedinitsa kak yedinitsa leksi-ko-frazeologicheskogo gnezda’ (Phraseological unit as a unit of lexical and phraseological nest), Frazeologiya-2000. Frazeologiya na rubezhe vekov: dostizheniya, problemy, perspektivy, Izd-vo Tul. gos. ped. un-ta im. L.N. Tolstogo publ, Tula, pp. 228–232. (In Russ.)
3. Brodskaya, BA 1972, ‘Metaforicheskiye svyazi slov v slovarnom gnezde’ (Metaphorical connections of words in a dictionary nest), Aktual'nyye problemy russkogo slovoobrazovaniya, 12-15 September 1972, Samarkand, pp. 276–288. (In Russ.)
4. Zimin, VI 1976, ‘O motivirovke metaforicheskikh znacheniy slov’ (On the motivation of metaphorical meanings of words), Leksiko-grammaticheskiye zapiski (Lexico-grammatical notes), Moscow, pp. 12–31. (In Russ.)
5. Zimin, VI 2006, ‘Sinkhronicheskiy i diakhronicheskiy aspekty rassmotreniya vnutrenney formy frazeologizmov russkogo yazyka’ (Synchronic and diachronic aspects of the consideration of the internal form of phraseological units of the Russian language), The Problems of Semantics of Spoken Language in its Cultural Context, 17-19 March 2006, Elpis publ, Moscow, pp. 543-546. (In Russ.)
6. Kozinets, SB 2011, Slovar' slovoobrazovatel'nykh metafor russkogo yazyka’ (Dictionary of word-forming metaphors of the Russian language), Saratovskiy istochnik publ, Saratov. (In Russ.)
7. Lopatin, VV 1975, ‘Metaforicheskaya motivatsiya v russkom slovoobrazovanii’ (Metaphorical motivation in Russian word formation), Aktual'nyye problemy russkogo slovoobrazovaniya, no.1, pp. 53–57. (In Russ.)
8. Nikitevich, VM 1986, Osnovy nominativnoy derivatsii (Fundamentals of nominative derivation), Vysshaya shkola publ, Minsk. (In Russ.)
9. Nikitevich, VM 1982, Slovoobrazovaniye i derivatsionnaya grammatika (Word formation and derivational grammar), part 2, Grodno. (In Russ.)
10. Ogoltsev, VM 1978, Modeli komparativnogo slovoobrazovaniya (Models of comparative word formation), Permskiy un-t publ, Perm. (In Russ.)
11. Ogoltsev, VM 2001, Slovar' ustoychivykh sravneniy russkogo yazyka (sinonimoantonimicheskiy)(Dictionary of fixed similes of the Russian language), Russkiye slovari publ, Moscow. (In Russ.)
12. Ogoltseva, EV 2007, Obraznyy potentsial slovoobrazovatel'noy sistemy sovremennogo russkogo yazyka: otsubstantivnoye slovoobrazovaniye (Figurative potential of the wordformation system of the modern Russian language: substantive word formation), doctoral thesis, Moscow. (In Russ.)
13. Ogoltseva, EV 2016, ‘Komparativnyye konstruktsii s razmer-no-otsenochnym znacheniyem (tolshchinoy s palets, velichinoy s naporstok)’ (Comparative constructions with dimensional and evaluative value (finger-thick, thimble-sized)), Scientific heritage of B.N. Golovin in the light of current problems of modern linguistics» (on the 100th anniversary of the birth of Boris Golovin), DEKOM publ, N. Novgorod, pp. 585–591.(In Russ.)
14. Ogoltseva, EV 2015, ‘Leksicheskoye var'irovaniye v sisteme ustoychi-vykh sravneniy’ (Lexical variation in the structure of stable comparisons), Uchonyye zapiski Orlovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 3 (66), pp. 162–168. (In Russ.)
15. Ogoltseva, EV 2019, Obraznoye znacheniye v sisteme otsubstantivnoy derivatsii (strukturno-semanticheskiy aspekt) (Figurative meaning in the system of substantive derivation (structural and semantic aspect)), FLINTA publ, Moscow. (In Russ.)
16. Ogoltseva EV 2015, ‘Fakul'tativnyye komponenty kak proyavleniye strukturnosemanticheskoy dinamiki ustoychivykh sravneniy’ (Facultative components as a manifestation of the structural and semantic dynamics of stable comparisons), J. Baudouin de Courtenay and Worldwide Linguistics, vol.1, 12-15 October 2014, Kazan feder.un-t, Kazan, pp. 263-266. (In Russ.)
17. Ogoltseva, EV 2015, ‘Formal'no-grammaticheskoye var'irovaniye v sisteme ustoychivykh sravneniy russkogo yazyka’ (Formal-grammatical variation in the system of stable comparisons of the Russian language), Teoreticheskiye i metodo-logicheskiye problemy filologii, KazNPU im. Abaya publ, Almaty, pp. 254–262. (In Russ.)
18. Russkaya grammatika (Russian grammar) 1980, vol.1, Nauka publ, Moscow. (In Russ.)
19. Slovar' russkogo yazyka (Dictionary of the Russian language) 1981–1884, Russkiy yazyk publ, Moscow. (In Russ.)
20. Shirshov, IA 1995, ‘Tipy slovoobrazovatel'noy motivirovannosti’ (Types of word-formation motivation), Philological Sciences, no. 1, pp. 41–54. (In Russ.)