Natalya I. Novikova

Doctor of Science (History), Leading Researcher

Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology named after N. N. Mikloukho-Maklay RAS

(Moscow, Russia)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-49-59

Abstract. The article examines contemporary economic practices of indigenous peoples and the role of creativity in their formation. The basis of the analysis is the author's field materials collected in different areas of Sakhalin. To analyze socio-economic relations, the author uses the concepts of extractivism, which characterize broad practices of resource extraction, food sovereignty and localism. The basis of the hypothesis of the study is an investigation of the relationship between knowledge of the properties of local flora and fauna, skills in their application, and indigenous creativity. Knowledge of the surrounding world determines the types of economic activities analyzed. First, the indigenous peoples of the island developed and continue to develop everything related to the sea on a daily basis. Recently, salmon stocks and access to this most important resource in the past has been declining. Thus, people have to learn new skills. Today, the level of their "formal" professional training is increasing. The effect of uniqueness, which creates new opportunities for livelihoods based on local resources, is becoming particularly important. The basis of the analysis is the author's field materials collected in the Sakhalin Oblast, Hungary and during the "Treasures of the North" exhibitions in Moscow. The article focuses on two spheres of life: local cuisine and its presentation and artistic creation. The author interprets the information received and created through reflection at the intersection of scientific and traditional knowledge of all factors of "local life".
Keywords: Sakhalin, economic practices, indigenous peoples, uniqueness, fish leather, food, artistic creation.

Full text of the article (PDF)

For citation: Novikova, NI 2023, ‘Economic Practices and Creativity of the Indigenous Peoples of Sakhalin: The Effect of Uniqueness’, Tula Scientific Bulletin. History. Linguistics, issue 3 (15), pp. 49–59, http://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-49-59 (in Russ.)

References

1. Veretennikov, V 2023, ‘Rybnoye delo: kak khudozhnitsa s Sakhalina sozdayet udivitel'nyye kartiny iz ryb'yey kozhi’ (Fish business: how an artist from Sakhalin creates amazing paintings from fish leather), Vokrug sveta, viewed 11 October 2023, https://www.vokrugsveta.ru/articles/rybnoe-delo-kak-khudozhnica-s-sakhalina-sozdaet-udivitelnye-kartiny-iz-rybeikozhi-id880438/ (In Russ.)
2. Glebova, E 2010, Metamorfozy ryb'yey kozhi: Put' drevnego remesla narodov Amura (Metamorphoses of Fish Leather: The Way of the Ancient Craft of the Amur Peoples), OmegaPress publ, Khabarovsk. (In Russ.)
3. Turayev, VA (ed.) 2008, Istoriya i kul'tura nivkhov: istoriko-etnograficheskiye ocherki (History and Culture of the Nivkhs: Historical and Ethnographic Essays), SPb.: Nauka publ, St. Petersburg. (In Russ.)
4. Kryazhkov, VA 2023, ‘Federal'noye zakonodatel'stvo o korennykh malochis-lennykh narodakh Severa, Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka: novelly poslednikh let’ (Federal Legislation on Indigenous Minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East: Novelties of Recent Years), The Journal "State and Law", no. 4, pp. 72-83, doi: 10.31857/S102694520025623-6 (In Russ.)
5. Lanina, EK 2007, «Nivkhgu mrolf tor»: (nivkhskiye starinnyye traditsii) (Nivkh ancient traditions), Sakhalin. kn. izd-vo publ, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. (In Russ.)
6. Midzushima, M, Aida, M & Roon, TP 2007, ‘Rasteniya v zhizni korennykh zhiteley Sakhalinanaroda uil'ta (orokov)’ (Plants in the life of the indigenous people of Sakhalin - the Uilta (Orok) people), Vestnik Sakhalinskogo muzeya. Yezhegodnik Sakhalinskogo oblastnogo krayevedcheskogo muzeya, no.14, pp. 162–200. (In Russ.)
7. Novikova, NI 2017, ‘Kollektivnoye pravo korennykh narodov na samobytnoye razvitiye: kul'turnaya tsennost' ili konflikt interesov’ (Indigenous peoples' collective right to selfdetermined development: cultural value or conflict of interest), Kollektiv-nyye prava etnicheskikh soobshchestv: problemy teorii i praktiki (Collective Rights of Ethnic Communities: Problems of Theory and Practice), ed. Yu. V. Popkov, I. S. Tarbastayeva, IFPR SO RAN publ, Novosibirsk, pp. 110–120. (In Russ.)
8. Novikova, NI 2021, ‘Aborigennoye predprinimatel'stvo v sfere rybolov-stva: primer Sakhalina’ (Aboriginal entrepreneurship in fisheries: the case of Sakhalin), Pribyl' ne radi pribyli? Ekonomicheskiye praktiki korennykh narodov Severa Rossii v usloviyakh rynka (Profit not for profit? Economic Practices of Indigenous Peoples of the North of Russia in Market Conditions), ed. E. A. Pivnev, Nestor-Istoriya publ, Moscow, St. Petersburg, pp. 90–118. (In Russ.)
9. Novikova, NI 2023, ‘Azbuka zhizneobespecheniya korennykh narodov Sakhalina v nachale XXI veka’ (The ABCs of Sakhalin indigenous peoples' livelihoods at the beginning of the 21st century), Etnografia, no. 3 (21), pp. 169–187, doi: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-3(21)-169-187. (In Russ.)
10. ‘«Novyy put'» okhinskogo khudozhnika Fedora Myguna’ ("New Way" by Okha artist Fyodor Mygun), Sakhalinskiy neftyanik, viewed 11 October 2023,https://sakhneftyanik.ru/news/gorod/novyy-put-okhinskogo-khudozhnika-fedora-myguna (In Russ.)
11. Ragulina, MV 2018, ‘Kul'turnyye aspekty etnoekonomiki i prodovol'-stvennaya bezopasnost' korennykh narodov Severa: podkhody k issledo-vaniyu’ (Cultural aspects of the ethnic economy and food security of the indigenous peoples of the North: approaches to research), The Eurasian Scientific Journal, vol. 10, no. 4, viewed 11 October 2023, https://esj.today/PDF/55ECVN418.pdf, doi:10.15862/55ECVN418 (In Russ.)
12. ‘"Sakhalin Enerdzhi" podderzhal "Slou Fud" pri organizatsii festiva-lya v Moskve’ (“Sakhalin Energy” supported “Slow Food” in organizing a festival in Moscow) 2020, SakhalinMedia, viewed 11 October 2023, https://sakhalinmedia.ru/news/1002292 (In Russ.)
13. Pannik, EA(ed.) 2012, Sbornik retseptov blyud natsional'nykh kukhon' korennykh malochislen-nykh narodov Severa Poronayskogo rayona (Collection of recipes for dishes of national cuisines of small indigenous minorities of the North of the Poronaysky District), Poronaysk. (In Russ.)
14. Shkalygina, EN 2021, Sila traditsiy (The Power of Traditions), Krasnoyarsk. (In Russ.)
15. Smolyak, AV 1984, Traditsionnoye khozyaystvo i material'naya kul'tura narodov Nizhnego Amura i Sakhalina (Traditional economy and material culture of the Lower Amur and Sakhalin peoples), Nauka publ, Moscow. (In Russ.)
16. Stepanova, OB 2023, Antropologiya yamal'skogo suvenira (na materialakh nentsev, khantov i sel'kupov) (Anthropology of Yamal souvenirs (on the materials of Nenets, Khanty and Selkups), The Herald of Anthropology, no.3, pp. 203-214, doi:10.33876/2311-0546/2023-3/203-214 (In Russ.)
17. Ronik, ZL 2001, Khranitel'nitsy drevnikh ornamentov (Keepers of ancient ornaments), Sakhalin. kn. izd-vo publ, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. (In Russ.)
18. Yunkaporta, T 2022, Razgovory na peske. Kak aborigennoye myshleniye mozhet spasti mir (Sand Talk: How Indigenous Thinking Can Save the World), Ad Marginem Press publ, Moscow. (In Russ.)
19. Parks, J 2021, ‘The poetics of extractivism and the politics of visibility’, Textual Practice, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 353–362, doi:10.1080/0950236X.2021.1886708
20. Slow Food, viewed 11 October 2023, https://www.slowfood.com/ru/o-slou-fud/ourphilosophy (In Russ.)
21. Whyte, KP 2016, ‘Indigenous Food Sovereignty, Renewal and Settler Colonialism’, The Routledge Handbook of Food Ethics, ed. M. Rawlinson, C. Ward, Routledge publ, New York, pp. 354–365.