Olga L. Lushnikova

PhD in Sociology, Senior Research Fellow of the Department of Economics and Sociology

Khakass Research Institute for Language, Literature and History

(Abakan, Russia)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-83-92

Abstract. Many representatives of small indigenous minorities preserve their traditional way of life and engage in traditional economic activities. However, the preservation of the original way of life is under threat due to various factors: urbanization, migration and globalization processes in contemporary conditions. In addition, there are also regional factors affecting the transformation of the economic structure of indigenous peoples. This problem is especially relevant for ethnic groups living far from the region where the large part of the people is concentrated. Shors living in Khakassia are one such example; most of the Shors are settled in the Kemerovo region. The Shors live compactly in several settlements on the republic territory. The places of their traditional residence are located in the taiga and mountain-taiga areas, so they mostly preserve their original types of activities. They are engaged in gathering, hunting, and fishing. However, today gold mining companies are actively developing the sites of their historical settlement, damaging the natural landscape. For the majority of Shors, fishing and hunting are the main source of livelihood, but the activities of such companies hinder the fisheries. Because of this, the Shors have fewer opportunities to earn money and, consequently, their financial situation and quality of life deteriorates. Among the Shors there are quite a lot of poor people, who barely have enough money for food. The Shors are also engaged in private subsidiary farming, but they keep few livestock and are not oriented towards herd growth. Farming is difficult due to the natural and climatic features (taiga terrain) that prevent the breeding of a large number of livestock. Shors assess their level of adaptation to modern socio-economic conditions as low. According to the Shors, older people have adapted well, while young people have difficulties. The optimism of the Shors is respectable but it is mainly associated with hope in the government, in whose hands the future of this small indigenous people lies.
Keywords: Khakassia, Shors, indigenous peoples, ethnic economy, ethno-economics, crafts, gathering, hunting, fishing.

Full text of the article (PDF)

For citation: Lushnikova, OL 2023, ‘Khakass Shors: Economic Practices and Social Well-being’, Tula Scientific Bulletin. History. Linguistics, issue 3 (15), pp. 83–92, http://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-83-92 (in Russ.)

References

1. Vyacheslavov, DA 2023, ‘Otdelnyye problemy korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa’ (Individual problems of indigenous minorities of the North), Traditsionnyye natsionalno-kulturnyye i dukhovnyye tsennosti kak fundament innovatsionnogo razvitiya Rossii (Traditional national-cultural and spiritual values as innovative development basis of Russia), no. 1 (23), pp. 4–5. (In Russ.)
2. ‘Vserossiyskaya perepis naseleniya 2020’ (All-Russian Population Census 2020), Federal State Statistics Service, viewed 11 January 2023, https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul (In Russ.)
3. Mazunina, L 2021, ‘Izvestno, kto zapuskayet v Khakasiyu «zolotykh» ubiyts’ (It is known who launches the “golden“ killers in Khakassia), IA Khakassia, viewed 4 September 2023, https://19rus.info/index.php/vlast-i-politika/item/162807-izvestno-kto-zapuskaet-v-khakasiyu-zolotykh-ubijts?template=ia19042021&is_preview=on (In Russ.)
4. Malysheva, MS & Samsonova, IV 2019, ‘Problemy traditsionnoy khozyaystvennoy deyatelnosti korennykh malochislennykh narodov severa respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya). Puti ikh resheniya’ (Problems of traditional economic activity of the indigenous peoples of the north of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia). ways to solve them), Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law, no. 9-1, pp. 89–94, doi: 10.17513/vaael.703 (In Russ.)
5. Merkulina, IA, Petrov IV & Maidibor, DO 2022, ‘Otsenka vliyaniya dobyvayushchey deyatelnosti na traditsionnyye promysly korennyh malochislennyh narodov Arktiki’ (Assessment of the impact of extractive activities on the traditional crafts of indigenous peoples of the Arctic), Economic Sciences, no. 214, pp. 153–158, doi: 10.14451/1.214.153 (In Russ.)
6. Neustroeva, AB & Samsonova, IV 2022, ‘Problemy sovremennykh korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa (po dannym issledovaniya v respublike Sakha (Yakutiya))’ (Problems of indigenous peoples of the North (based on the materials of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia))), Sociological Studies, no. 7. pp. 88–96, doi: 10.31857/S013216250014318-2 (In Russ.)
7. Novikova, NI 2019, ‘Aborigennoye predprinimatelstvo v Rossii: resursy, tekhnologii i sotsialnyye instituty’ (Aboriginal entrepreneurship in Russia: resources, technologies and social institutes), Herald of anthropology, no. 2 (46), pp. 5–18, doi: 10.33876/2311-0546/2019-46-2/5-18 (In Russ.)
8. Perevalova, EV & Kisser, TS 2022, ‘Nedropolzovateli i korennoye naseleniye Taymyra: partnerstvo i proyektnost’ (Subsoil users and indigenous population of Taymyr: partnerships and projects), Siberian historical research, no. 4, pp. 176–194, doi: 10.17223/2312461X/38/10 (In Russ.)
9. ‘Rasporyazheniye Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 08.05.2009 g. № 631-r (red. ot 21.07.2014) «Ob utverzhdenii perechnya mest traditsionnogo prozhivaniya i traditsionnoy khozyaystvennoy deyatel'nosti korennykh malochislennykh narodov Rossiyskoy Federatsii i perechnya vidov traditsionnoy khozyaystvennoy deyatel'nosti korennykh malochislennykh narodov Rossiyskoy Federatsii»’ (Russian Federation Government resolution No. 631-r dated 8 May 2009 “On approval of the list of places of traditional residence and traditional economic activities of indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation and the list of types of traditional economic activities of indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation Federation"), Konsultant Plyus, viewed 11 January 2023, https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_87690/ (In Russ.)
10. Ronzhina, OV 2019, ‘Prava korennykh narodov Severa na polzovaniye prirodnymi resursami: dvoynyye standarty v pravovom regulirovanii’ (Rights of the indigenous peoples of the North to natural resources management: double standards in legal regulation), Law and Politics, no. 1, pp. 20–31, doi: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.1.27872 (In Russ.)
11. Runova, NYu 2021, ‘Etnicheskoye predprinimatelstvo: analiz osnovnykh opredeleniy’ (Ethnic entrepreneurship: an analysis of the main definitions), Ekonomika, predprinimatel'stvo i pravo (Journal of Economics, Entrepreneurship and Law), vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 323–332, doi: 10.18334/epp.11.2.111589 (In Russ.)
12. Sanzheeva, LV 2023, ‘Sovremennyye problemy sokhraneniya traditsiy korennykh malochislennykh narodov Arktiki’ (Modern problems of preserving the traditions of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic), Society. Environment. Development, no. 1 (66), pp. 33–37, doi: 10.53115/19975996_2023_01_033-037 (In Russ.)
13. Simonov, SG, Yamova, OV, Khamathanova, MA & Arynova, ZA 2020, ‘Etnicheskoye predprinimatelstvo i mestnoye biznes-soobshchestvo: opyt vzaimodeystviya na potrebitel'skom rynke regiona’ (Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Local Business Community: Experience of Interaction in the Consumer Market in the Region), Herald of Omsk University. Series "ECONOMICS", vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 162–171, doi: 10.24147/1812-3988.2020.18(1).162-171. (In Russ.)
14. Sofronov, PA 2021, ‘Khozyaystvenno-bytovaya spetsifika korennykh malochislennykh narodov severa Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) v sovremennykh usloviyakh’ (Economic and household specifics of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the north of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in modern conditions), Arkhont, no. 4 (25), pp. 75–77. (In Russ.)
15. ‘Hakasskaya katastrofa. Zolotodobytchiki riskuyut unichtozhit korennyye narody taygi’ (The Khakass catastrophe. Gold miners risk destroying the indigenous peoples of the taiga), Shans. Region, viewed 4 September 2023, https://shansonline.ru/index.php/istorii/item/13271-khakasskaya-katastrofa-zolotodobytchiki-riskuyut-unichtozhit-korennye-narody-tajgi (In Russ.)