Nikita A. Bilenko

PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of the History and Archeology

Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University

(Tula, Russia)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-93-100

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the business activity of entrepreneurs of Tula province in the second half of the XIX century. The purpose of the work was to determine the dependence of periods of active economic activity of provincial entrepreneurs and cycles of economic development of the Russian Empire. The basis of the study was the data of statistical accounting of fiscal and administrative documentation (based on the materials of reference publications - "Reviews of the Tula province" and "Commemorative books"). In the course of the study, the dynamics of the issuance of trade certificates in the Tula province was established, the trends of the dynamic series for the three most popular types of documents were determined - certificates for petty bargaining, for petty– bourgeois crafts, merchant guilds II. The unevenness of the issuance of trade documents by year during the period under review was revealed, a tendency was established to reduce the number of merchant certificates with a simultaneous increase in commercial certificates, which indicates the loss of importance of class privileges for actors of economic development. It is established that the business activity of entrepreneurs of Tula province in the second half of the XIX century was poorly correlated with the cycles of economic development of the Russian Empire, world economic trends. It was determined that the economic activity of local entrepreneurs was more dependent on the direct administrative impact of the state, tax policy and the state of agricultural production. Entrepreneurs gave priority to those trade certificates that granted commercial and industrial rights within individual counties. This conclusion indicates the presence of special tactics and strategies of the economic behavior of provincial entrepreneurs in various localities in the conditions of crises and periods of economic wellbeing without taking into account the all-Russian economic conjuncture.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, social composition, trade, industry, city, modernization.

Full text of the article (PDF)

For citation: Bilenko, NA 2023, ‘Business Activity of Entrepreneurs Tula Province of the second half of the XIX Century (According to Statistical Data Fiscal and Administrative Documentation)’, Tula Scientific Bulletin. History. Linguistics, issue 3 (15), pp. 93–100, http://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-3-93-100 (in Russ.)

References

1. Galakhov, VV 1983, ‘Nekotoryye voprosy izucheniya statisticheskikh materialov promyslovogo oblozheniya. 1885 – 1898 gg.' (Some issues of studying statistical materials of commercial taxation. 1885 – 1898), in Istoricheskiye zapiski, vol. 109, Moscow, pp. 238-261. (In Russ)
2. Gosudarstvennoye uchrezhdeniye "Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Tul'skoy oblasti" (GU GATO) (State Institution "State Archive of the Tula region"), fund 52, inventory 1, file 128. (In Russ)
3. GU GATO, fund 52, inventory 1, file 146. (In Russ)
4. GU GATO, fund 52, inventory 1, file 229. (In Russ)
5. GU GATO, fund 52, inventory 1, file 236. (In Russ)
6. GU GATO, fund 52, inventory 1, file 370. (In Russ)
7. Zaytseva, LI 2016, 'Ekonomicheskaya politika i narodnoye oskudeniye (vtoraya polovina XIX – nachalo XX vv.)' (Economic Policy and National Impoverishment (Second Half of XIX - Early XX Centuries)), Bulletin of Moscow Witte University. Series 1: Economics and Management, vol 4 (19), pp. 77-84. (In Russ)
8. Lobacheva, IN 2014, ‘Sotsiodemograficheskiye kharakteristiki tul'skogo kupechestva v period kontsa 50 – 80-kh godov XIX veka' (Social-Demographic Characteristics of Tula Merchants in the Period from the End of the 50th to the 80th of the XIX Century), MCTTU Vestnik. Series «Historical Studies», vol 3 (15), p. 27. (In Russ)
9. Martynov, SD 2002, 'Gosudarstvo i ekonomika: sistema Vitte' (State and Economy: Witte's system), Nauka Publ, St. Petersburg. (In Russ)
10. Mironov, BN 2000, 'Sotsial'naya istoriya Rossii perioda imperii (XVIII – nachalo XX v.): v 2 t' (Social History of Russia during the Empire period (XVIII – early XX century)), 2nd edn, vol. 1, Dmitry Bulanin Publ, St. Petersburg. (In Russ)
11. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1878 god'(Review of Tula province in 1878) 1879, Tula. (In Russ)
12. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1879 god'(Review of Tula province in 1879) 1880, Tula. (In Russ)
13. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1880 god'(Review of Tula province in 1880) 1881, Tula. (In Russ)
14. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1881 god'(Review of Tula province in 1881) 1882, Tula. (In Russ)
15. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1882 god'(Review of Tula province in 1882) 1883, Tula. (In Russ)
16. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1884 god'(Review of Tula province in 1884) 1886, Tula. (In Russ)
17. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1885 god'(Review of Tula province in 1885) 1887, Tula. (In Russ)
18. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1888 god'(Review of Tula province in 1888) 1889, Tula. (In Russ)
19. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1889 god'(Review of Tula province in 1889) 1890, Tula. (In Russ)
20. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1890 god'(Review of Tula province in 1890) 1891, Tula. (In Russ)
21. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1891 god'(Review of Tula province in 1891) 1892, Tula. (In Russ)
22. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1893 god'(Review of Tula province in 1893) 1894, Tula. (In Russ)
23. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1894 god'(Review of Tula province in 1894) 1895, Tula. (In Russ)
24. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1895 god'(Review of Tula province in 1895) 1896, Tula. (In Russ)
25. 'Obzor Tul'skoy gubernii za 1897 god'(Review of Tula province in 1897) 1898, Tula. (In Russ)
26. 'Pamyatnaya knizhka Tul'skoy gubernii na 1871 god'(Memorial book of the Tula province for 1871) 1870, Tipografiya Gubernskogo pravleniya Publ, Tula. (In Russ)
27. 'Pamyatnaya knizhka Tul'skoy gubernii na 1876 god'(Memorial book of the Tula province for 1876) 1876, Tipografiya Gubernskogo pravleniya Publ, Tula. (In Russ)
28. 'Polozheniye o poshlinakh za pravo torgovli i drugikh promyslov 1865 g.' (Regulations on duties for the right to trade and other crafts of 1865) 1867, Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobraniye 2. Otdeleniye 1. 1865 (Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Collection 2. Issue 1. 1865), vol. XL, no. 41779, St. Petersburg. (In Russ)
29. Rudchenko, IYa 1893, 'Istoricheskiy ocherk oblozheniya torgovli i promyslov v Rossii, s prilozheniyem materialov po torgovo-promyshlennoy statistike' (Historical outline of the taxation of trade and crafts in Russia, with the application of materials on trade and industrial statistics), Tipografiya V. Krishbauma Publ, Saint Petersburg. (In Russ)
30. Ryndzunsky, PG 1966, 'Krest'yanskaya promyshlennost' v poreformennoy Rossii (60 – 80-ye gody XIX v.)' (Peasant industry in post–reform Russia (60 - 80s of the 19th century)), Nauka Publ, Moscow. (In Russ)
31. Ryndzunsky, PG 1978, 'Utverzhdeniye kapitalizma v Rossii (1850 – 1880 gg.)' (The establishment of capitalism in Russia (1850 – 1880)), Nauka Publ, Moscow. (In Russ)
32. Simonova, EV 2015, 'Goroda Tul'skoy gubernii v protsesse sotsial'nykh transformatsiy nachala XX veka' (Cities of Tula province in the process of social transformations of the beginning of the 20th century), Izdatel'stvo Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. L.N. Tolstogo Publ, Tula. (In Russ)
33. Strumilin, SG 1966, 'Ocherki ekonomicheskoy istorii Rossii i SSSR' (Essays on the Economic History of Russia and the USSR), Nauka Publ, Moscow. (In Russ)
34. Tereshchenko, AA 2009, 'Promyshlennost' gorodov rossiyskoy provintsii vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachala XX veka (na primere Kurskoy gubernii)' (Industry of the cities of the Russian province in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century (on the example of the Kursk province)) in IT Shatokhin (ed.) Yug Rossii i Ukraina v proshlom i nastoyashchem: istoriya, ekonomika, kul'tura, 23–24 January 2009, Belgorod, Izdatelstvo BelGU Publ, Belgorod, pp. 78-82. (In Russ)
35. Khadonov, EE 1997, 'Ocherki iz istorii finansovo-ekonomicheskoy politiki poreformennoy Rossii (1861 – 1904 gg.)' (Essays from the history of financial and economic policy of post–reform Russia (1861–1904)), Yupaps Publ, Moscow. (In Russ)