Шпак Георгий Владимирович

кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник

Институт всеобщей истории РАН

кандидат исторических наук, преподаватель

Российский государственный гуманитарный университет

(г. Москва, Россия)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2025-2-80-93

Аннотация. В статье проанализирована взаимосвязь между развитием научного знания и трансформацией литературной традиции. На протяжении XVI–XVII вв. английские мыслители разрабатывают новые формы нарративизации своих научных представлений, стремясь сделать их доступными для максимально широкой аудитории. В середине XVI в. такие авторы как, Т. Элиот, У. Каннингем, Р. Рекорд и прочие, начинают писать труды на национальном языке, упрощая тексты античных авторов, используя форму диалога и стихотворные вставки, а также иллюстрируя сложные для понимания понятия. В начале XVII в. для облегчения восприятия сложных терминов начинают создаваться специальные словари, структурирующие мир в алфавитном порядке, трансформировавшиеся к концу XVII в. в первые научно-технические энциклопедии. Опираясь на теоретические установки Френсиса Бэкона, авторы задействуют разнообразные жанры как для преодоления схоластической традиции, так и для упрощения подачи сложного материала. Для этой цели могли использоваться формы афоризмов, фантастических путешествий, карточных игр и др. В статье сделан вывод о необходимости комплексного рассмотрения истории развития научного знания в контексте становления репрезентативных и коммуникативных стратегий раннего Нового времени.
Ключевые слова: репрезентация научного знания, «Научная революция», дискурсы науки, Англия Нового времени, популяризация знания.

Полный текст статьи (PDF)

Для цитирования: Шпак Г. В. Нарративные стратегии распространения знаний в Англии раннего Нового времени // Тульский научный вестник. Серия История. Языкознание. 2025. Вып. 2 (22). С. 80–93. https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2025-2-80-93

Список источников и литературы

1. Шпак Г. В. Воображаемые миры Маргарет Кавендиш. Наука и утопия в Англии XVII века. С переводом утопии «Пылающий мир» : монография. М.: Ин-т всеобщей истории РАН, 2023. 320 с.
2. “Travelling Cards” also “Winstanley Geographical” and Lenthall II. London, 1715 // Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards : website. URL: https://cardcollection.makersofplayingcards.org/Cardhtml/W0223.html (date of request: 10.05.2025).
3. Lenthall J. Astronomical cards. London: John Lenthall, at the Talbot against St. Dunstan's Church, [1717]. 52 cards. Electronic copy of the printed publication. URL: https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/11531884 (date of request: 15.05.2025). Available on the website Yale Library.
4. Bacon F. Sylva Sylvarum; or, A Natural History, in Ten Centuries. Whereunto is Newly added the History Natural and Experimental of Life and Death, or of the Prolongation of Life. London: J. R., 1670. 394 p.
5. Bloom R. The Gentlemans Recreation... London: S. Rotcroft, 1686. 4 p. Microfilm URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-gentlemensrecreatio_blome-richard_1686/mode/2up?q=cards (date of request: 05.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.
6. Bulleyn W. A Newe Booke Entituled the Gouernement of Healthe Wherein is Vttered Manye Notable Rules for Mannes Preseruacion, with Sondry Symples and Other Matters, no Lesse Fruiteful then Profitable: Colect Out of Many Approued Authours. Reduced into the Forme of a Dialogue, for the Better Vnderstanding of Thunlearned. Wherunto is Added a Sufferain Regiment Against the Pestilence. Londo[n]: Iohn Day, 1558. [289 p.]. Electronic copy of printed edition. URL: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A17162.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext#backDLPS37 (date of request: 11.05.2025). Available on the website University of Michigan Library.
7. Bulleyn W. BvlleinsBulwarke of Defence Against all Sicknesse, Soarenesse, and Woundes that Doe DaylyAssaulteMankinde: Which Bulwarke is Kept with Hilarius the Gardener, & Health the Phisicion, with the Chirurgian, to helpe the Wounded Souldiours. Gathered and Practisedfrom the Most Worthy Learned, Both Olde and New. London : Thomas Marshe, 1579. [511 p.]. Microfilm. URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_bulleins-bulwarke-of-def_bullein-william_1562/page/n2/mode/1up?view=theater (date of request: 05.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.
8. Cavendish M. Great Schollars are not Excellent Poets // The Worlds Olio / M. Newcastle. London: Printed for J. Martin and J. Allestrye at The Bell in St. Pauls Church Yard, 1655. Electronic version of printed edition. URL: http://digitalcavendish.org/completeworks/worlds- olio-1655/ (date of request: 10.05.2025). Available on the website Digital Cavendish.
9. Cavendish M. Observations upon Experimental Philosophy / ed. E. O’Neill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 289 p.
10. Cavendish M. Sociable Letters / ed. with an introduction and notes by J. Fitzmaurice. Abingon, NY: Routledge, 2012. 229 p.
11. Comenius J. Amos. Orbis sensualium pictus. London: for J. Kirton, 1659. 309 p.
12. Blaeu W. A tutor to astronomy and geography / ed. Joseph Moxen. London: Printed for Joseph Moxen, 1654. 184 p.
13. Coote E. The English school-master. London: Printed by E. Janeway, for the Company of Stationers, 1596. 1174 p. Microfilm. URL: https://archive.org/details /englishschoolmas00coot/page/n9/mode/2up (date of request: 05.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.
14. Cuningham W. The Cosmographical Glasse, Conteinyng the Pleasant Principles of Cosmographie, Geographie, Hydrographie, or Nauigation. Londini: in officinal Ioan. Daij, typographi, 1559. [209 p.]. Microfilm. URL: https://archive.org/details/cosmographicalgl00cuni/page/4/mode/thumb (date of request: 05.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.
15. Descartes R. The Use of the Geometrical Playing-Cards, as Also a Discourse of the Mechanick Powers / ed. J. Moxon. London: Printed and sold by J. Moxon, 1697. 85 p.
16. Elyot T. The Castel of Helth Gathered and Made by Syr Thomas Elyot Knyghte, out of the Chiefe Authors of Physyke, Wherby Euery Manne May Knowe the State of His Owne Body, the Preseruatio[n] of Helthe, and How to InstructeWelle His Physytion in Syckenes That He be not Deceyued. Electronic version of the printed publication. URL: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A21308.0001.001/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext (date of request: 10.04.2025). Available on the website University of Michigan Library.
17. Glanvill J. The Summe of My Lord Bacon’s New Atlantis // Essays on Several Important Subjects in Philosophy and Religion. London: Printed by J. D. for John Baker and Henry Mortlock, 1676. 58 p.
18. Margaret Cavendish’s Natures Pictures. Vol. 1 / ed. R. Dorman. The University of Sheffield, 2018. 338 p.
19. Moore P. The Hope of Health: Wherein is Conteined a Goodlie Regiment of Life: as Medicine, Good Diet and the Goodly Vertues of Sondrie Herbes. London: By Ilon Kyngston, [1564]. [160 p.]. Electronic version of the printed publication. URL: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A07669.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext (date of request: 06.04.2025). Available on the website University of Michigan Library.
20. Moxon J. Mathematicks made easy... London: Printed for J. Moxon, 1679. 199 p. Electronic copy of printed edition. URL: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A51541.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext (date of request: 06.05.2025). Available on the website University of Michigan Library.
21. Moxon J. The Genteel house-keepers pastime. London: Printed for J. Moxon, 1693. 46 p.
22. Moxon J. The use of the astronomical playing-cards. London, 1676. 56 p. Microfilm. URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-use-of-theastronomi_moxon-joseph_1676 (date of request: 20.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.
23. Playing cards : Pack of cards and counters in a box, pack of arithmetic cards. 1800. Accession Number NWHCM : 1956.191 // Norfolk Museums Collections : website. URL: https://www.museumscollections.norfolk.gov.uk/collections-object-page?id=NWHCM%20:%201956.191 (date of request: 10.05.2025).
24. New Atlantis Begun by the Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Albans: and Continued by R. H. Esquire. Wherein is Set forth A Platform of Monarhial Government. With A Pleasant intermixture of divers rare Inventions, and wholsome Customs, fit to be introduced into all kingdoms, states, and Common-wealths. London: Printed for John Crooke, 1660. 101 p.
25. Rauch A. Useful knowledge. The victorians, morality, and the march of intellect. Durham ; London: Duke University press, 2001. 292 p.
26. Record R. The Ground of Artes: Teaching the Worke and Practise of Arithmetike, ... London: Printed for John Harison, 1607. [570 p.]. Microfilm. URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_the-ground-of-artes-tea_record-robert_1558/page/n261/mode/1up (date of request: 08.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.
27. Record R. The Pathway to Knowledge, Containing the First Principles of Geometrie, ... 1551. [184 p.]. Microfilm. URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_the-pathway-to-knowledg-_record-robert_1551/mode/2up (date of request: 15.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.
28. Turner W. A New Herball, Wherin are Conteyned the Names of Herbes in Greke, Latin, Englysh, Duch, Frenche, and in the Potecaries and Herbaries Latin, with the Properties Degrees, and Naturall Places of the same. London: By Steven Myerdman, 1551. [574 p.]. Electronic copy of printed edition. URL: https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0002/page/n27/mode/1up?view=theater (date of request: 20.05.2025). Available on the website Internet Archive.