Elena A. Pivneva

PhD in Historical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of the North and Siberia

Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

(Moscow, Russia)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-4-87-110

Abstract. The deals with the ethnodemography issues of the Russian North peoples. The purpose of the study is to trace the population dynamics and the settlement system transformation of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (hereinafter – KHMAO–Yugra) indigenous peoples in the 20th – 21st centuries. For this purpose, the author analyzes the results of the 1926, 1937, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002, 2010, 2020/21 censuses contained in official statistical publications. Special attention is paid to the analysis of government management decisions regarding indigenous minorities of the North as an important factor in demographic changes. The article shows that the socio-economic transformations of the second half of the 20th century. had a negative impact on the demographic well-being of the North peoples, leading to an increase in mortality from "external" causes (accidents, poisoning, injuries, murders and suicide). An important exogenous factor determining the demographic dynamics of the indigenous peoples of the KHMAO– Yugra of the second half of the 20th century also became mass external migration associated with the intensive development of the oil and gas industry in the region. The situation of «asymmetric interaction» that developed in KHMAO in the second half of the 20th century still imprints on the behavior of small indigenous peoples of the North, forcing them to adopt a strategy of socio-cultural integration into the dominating majority. In their environment the processes of urbanization and ethnic mixing are continue. The author concludes that in the second millennium the amount of indigenous minorities of the North in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra remains at a stable level, with a positive trend of moderate growth, which is explained by the positive dynamics of natural population movement. The "non-demographic factors" (change of ethnic identity in favor of indigenous peoples), which were particularly noticeable at the very beginning of the 21st century due to the processes of "ethnic revival" also make a certain contribution to this dynamics. Today these factord are now conditioned by the preferential policy for indigenous minorities in the district.
Keywords: ethnodemography, general population census, indigenous peoples of the North, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug–Ugra, demographic factors, ethnonational policy, social transformations.

Full text of the article (PDF)

For citation: Pivneva, EA 2023, ‘Indigenous Small Peoples of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District–Yugra in the Mirror of Nation Censuses of Russia (20th – 21st Centuries)’, Tula Scientific Bulletin. History. Linguistics, issue 4 (16), pp. 87–110, http://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2023-4-87-110 (in Russ.)

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